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SURVEILLANCE WAGES: A TAXONOMY
One notable feature of the so-called gig economy is that workers, such as for-hire drivers and delivery workers, are often paid different amounts for performing the same task. More broadly, as work by the Markup and Veena Dubal shows, the manner in which these wages are calculated is a black box: they are determined by a complicated algorithm to which the workers have no access. At Uber, for instance, the company uses data-rich driver profiles to match the wage to the individual incentives of the driver and the needs of the platform.Uber drivers’ experiences should not, however, be understood as unique to gig work. The techniques used to extract the maximal gig worker productivity for minimal pay—such as individualized pay, schedules, benefits, and individualized behaviorally-based incentive structures—are on the verge of being imported to the formal employment sector. Moreover, gig work is increasingly the nature of work itself, with surveys showing that between 10 and 30% of Americans have some form of contract work. As a result, wage scales with set pay grades, which have been the norm for blue collar jobs for more than a century, may be on the decline.
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Surveillance Wages: A Taxonomy
Algorithmic wage discrimination – paying workers personalized wages using opaque and fluctuating formulas – is common in the gig economy. But with the recent development of intrusive new forms of…
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